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Engine Sales and
Service
www.EngineSalesAndService.com
Engine Sales and Service
We provide engine sales and service to new clients seeking a permanent
"clean power generation" solution with one of our following
technologies;
We provide Level I and Level II engineering feasibility reviews through our 3rd party engineering partner companies to determine the optimum economic and environmental solution for our clients.
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CHP
Systems
www.CHPsystems.com
CHP
Systems
www.CHPsystems.com
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Advertising inquiries may be
directed to
The Renewable Energy Institute
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What is a CHP System?
A CHP System - also known as a cogeneration plant, is the simultaneous production of power and thermal energy. Stated another way, a CHP System integrates an onsite, "decentralized energy" (DE) system with thermally-activated power and energy technologies for heating and cooling.
CHP Systems are more commonly referred to as "Trigeneration" plants and also referred to as:
Cogeneration plus Absorption Chillers - or - ADsorption Chillers
CHP Systems are also at the center of every District Energy System.
CHP Systems, District Energy Systems, Integrated Energy Systems, or Trigeneration plants, no matter how they are referred, achieve overall, net system energy efficiencies of 80% plus, and several Trigeneration plants are nearing 90% efficiencies nearing almost 300% increased efficiency over power provided by electric utilities and their central power plants"! This means significantly lowered:
energy costs
fuel costs
CHP
Systems achieve these greater energy efficiencies through the conversion of exhaust or reject heat from power generation into needed energy services like cooling and heating of
buildings as well as campuses. This is called "Waste
Heat Recovery" or "Recycled
Energy." Development of "packaged" or "modularized" CHP
Systems for end-use applications, such as commercial and institutional buildings, is
something the founder of our company has been involved with since the mid
1980's.
In the past, Cogeneration
plants have been economically attractive only in sizes above several megawatts. The emergence of a number of small generation technologies, including fuel cells, advanced low emissions engines, and
gas turbines with outputs in the 1000
kW - 5000 kW range, should extend the benefits of Integrated
Energy Systems to a much larger user base, with a consequent increase in national energy and environmental benefits.
For example, the application of CHP Systems (including Absorption Chillers - or - ADsorption Chillers) in commercial buildings could reduce commercial building energy consumption by 30%.
Application of such smaller-scale packaged
CHP Systems
provides a major breakthrough in energy efficiency
technology, energy savings as well as reduced greenhouse
gas emissions. And, by locating the power generation at or near the end-user/consumer,
i.e. their facility, building, or campus, the difficulties in siting and building new electric transmission and electric distribution infrastructures to meet today's increasing power demand are minimized.
The most promising markets for Trigeneration
plants, CHP Systems, District
Energy Systems or Integrated
Energy Systems are commercial or institutional buildings, government facilities, and district energy systems that distribute thermal energy to buildings in a college campus, hospital complex, industrial park,
food processing operations, refrigerated warehouses, and also very attractive
for cities.
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The Advantages of Cogeneration and Trigeneration
Monty Goodell, MBA
Chairman
Renewable Energy Institute
Owners of commercial buildings and commercial businesses are increasingly seeking ways to use energy more efficiently. This is a direct result of dramatically increasing electric rates, decreased power reliability (blackouts, brownouts, rolling blackouts, and other power interruptions), as well as competitive and economic pressures to cut expenses, increase air quality, and reduce emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. The Kyoto Protocol, while not ratified in the United States, continues to be a major driver in much of the rest of the world. In the United States, "EcoGeneration" is becoming a preferred method to produce a company’s or facility’s power and energy requirements.
EcoGeneration defines the optimization of economic and ecological benefits in the power generation process. EcoGeneration produces huge savings for our environment through the reduction, or even elimination, of pollution associated with power and energy production. Additionally, EcoGeneration appeals to our customers’ economic bottom line by providing them with significant fuel and electrical savings.
Energy technologies that fall under the EcoGeneration category include: wind, solar, geothermal power plants, hydrogen fuel, hydrogen fuel cells, soybean (and other crude vegetable oil based) B100 Bio diesel fuels, biomethane, synthesis gas, E100 Ethanol, ocean/tidal power, waste to energy, waste to fuel and waste to watts, combined cycle, district energy, cogeneration, trigeneration, and even quadgeneration power plants. And without a doubt, one of the greenest EcoGeneration solutions is "waste heat recovery."
There are two major EcoGeneration initiatives and technologies that we will discuss in this article — cogeneration and the newer technology, trigeneration. Trigeneration is one of the most attractive options, and is even more efficient and economically rewarding than its cousin, cogeneration, as it is a more comprehensive technology in that trigeneration includes cooling, as well as heat and power. With a natural gas, biomethane, B100 Biodiesel, or synthesis gas fuel supply, customers can have the option of going off the electric grid entirely. Best of all, customers with waste streams such as a city's wastewater treatment system or a landfill, can integrate "waste to energy," "waste to fuel" and other "methane recovery" technologies such as anaerobic digesters, landfill gas to energy, to generate essentially free biomethane. And another technology, called "biomass gasification," can use other waste streams such as the sewage sludge from publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) also referred to as "wastewater treatment plants" (WWTP) and generate essentially-free synthesis gas, to fuel the cogeneration power plant at the POTW. Another huge savings for a city comes into play here as sewage sludge is a hazardous waste, and requires special handling and disposal at permitted facilities that can handle/dispose of the POTW's sewage sludge - costing anywhere from $50.00/ton to well over $100/ton, depending on location. By using the waste to fuel technology of biomass gasification - the city reduces its' liabilities as well as expenses of "wasting" the sewage sludge, and using it to fuel the cogeneration power plant at the POTW.
Cogeneration, also known as combined heat and power (CHP), is the simultaneous production of electricity and useful heat, usually in the form of either hot water or steam, from one primary fuel, such as natural gas. While not necessarily defined correctly, cogeneration has also been referred to as district energy, total energy, combined cycle, CHP and simply cogen.
Cogeneration has been mostly a technology used in the utilities and industrial marketplace.
Trigeneration, as the name implies, refers to three energies, and is defined as the simultaneous production of heat and power, just like cogeneration, except trigeneration takes cogeneration one step further by also producing chilled water for air conditioning or process use with the addition of absorption or adsorption chillers. Trigeneration, also referred to as CHCP (combined heating, cooling and power), BCHP (building cooling, heating and power) and integrated energy systems, permits even greater operational flexibility at businesses with demand for energy in the form of heating and cooling. Just as a cogeneration power plant captures and makes use of the waste heat, absorption or adsorption chillers capture the waste (or rejected) heat and produce chilled water.
Trigeneration systems are found in commercial applications typically where there is a need for air conditioning or chilled water by the customer.
When a trigeneration power system is installed on-site, that is, where the electrical and thermal energy is needed by the customer so that the electrical energy does not have to be transported hundreds of miles away, and the thermal energy is fully utilized, system efficiencies can reach and surpass 90 percent.
How Trigeneration Works: The Trigeneration Process
When compared to "central
power plants," trigeneration
energy systems;
are about 300% more efficient
represent a far superior investment
use far less fuel for the same power and energy delivered
results in a significant "emissions abatement" solution that no other energy technology can rival
when using a renewable fuel such as biomethane, B100 Biodiesel, E100 Ethanol (produced from sugar cane or sugar beets, etc. and not from corn) or synthesis gas, is the most environmentally-friendly and sustainable energy and power solutions available
Because of this, customer's with trigeneration energy systems generate far fewer, and nearly negligible amounts of pollution than if the customer received their electricity from the electric utility company using central power plants - as well as natural gas from the gas company for fueling their water heaters and boilers.
Trigeneration's superior efficiencies surpass even the latest state-of-the-art combined cycle cogeneration power plants by up to 50 percent. Coupled with a four-pipe system, hot water/steam and chilled water can be produced simultaneously for circulation throughout the building or campus (which would be referred to as a district energy system).
And size is not an impediment, since trigeneration systems can be installed, for example, in small commercial settings, such as restaurants, hotels, schools, office buildings, and shopping centers, to large applications such as petrochemical plants, refineries, and in a city's downtown area, providing the energy requirements for multiple buildings. And it will still provide system efficiencies of 90 percent.
History Of Cogeneration Technology
Many people know that Thomas Edison built the first commercial power plant.
However, most people do not know that Edison's first commercial power plant
known as the "Pearl Street Station," built in 1882 in Lower
Manhattan, New York, was also a
cogeneration power plant!
Because cogeneration and trigeneration continue to be the most efficient method of generating electrical and thermal energy, in terms of energy output, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has called for the doubling of electrical power generated from cogeneration power plants — from the existing 46 GW (one gigawatt = 1,000 MW) to 92 GW by the year 2010. When this goal is reached, cogeneration will represent about 14 percent of the total U.S. generating capacity of electricity. The American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) estimates that an additional 95 GW of cogeneration capacity could be added between 2010-2020, resulting in 29 percent of total U.S. electric power generation being produced through cogeneration. Europe is also dramatically increasing the number of cogeneration power plants over the next decade.
And
the historical basis and success of
cogeneration has been the foundational
basis for expanding the efficiencies of cogeneration to trigeneration and even
quadgeneration, with each new increase in energies recovered resulting in
higher efficiencies and lower fuel/energy costs and fewer related emissions.
President Bush's
National Energy Plan
In the United States, President George W. Bush's National Energy Plan
recognizes the efficiency of cogeneration technologies — and it plays an
important role in meeting national energy objectives and maintaining comfort
and safety in commercial and office buildings. Released in May 2001, the
president's National Energy Plan states:
A family of technologies known as combined heat and power (CHP) can achieve efficiencies of 80 percent or more. In addition to environmental benefits, cogeneration projects offer efficiency and cost savings in a variety of settings, including industrial boilers, energy systems, and small building scale applications. At industrial facilities alone, there is potential for an additional 124,000 MW of efficient power from gas-fired cogeneration, which could result in annual emissions reductions of 614,000 tons of NOx emissions and 44 million tons of carbon equivalent. Cogeneration is also one of a group of clean, highly reliable, distributed energy technologies that reduce the amount of electricity lost in transmission while eliminating the need to construct expensive power lines to transmit power from large central power plants.
Since the 1930s approximately two-thirds of all the fuel used to make electricity in the U.S. is generally wasted by central power plants in the form of unused thermal energy in the electrical generation process. While there have been impressive energy efficiency gains in other sectors of the economy since the oil price shocks of the 1970s, the average efficiency of power generation in this country has remained around 27 to 35 percent for nearly 70 years. The use of cogeneration and trigeneration can significantly improve that efficiency.
Pollution
Associated With Inefficient Power Plants
Currently, power plants in the U.S. have been cited for producing two-thirds
of its annual sulphur dioxide emissions, one-quarter of the nitrogen oxides
emissions, one-third of mercury
emissions, and one-third of carbon
dioxide emissions. These resulting pollutants produce serious
environmental and health consequences, including:
Increased sick days in areas with high urban smog levels.
Lung problems in the young and old, including increased rates of asthma and chronic bronchitis.
Global climate change.
Urban haze and smog.
Acid rain.
Acidification of lakes, streams, rivers, and oceans.
Dead and dying lakes, stream, rivers, and wildlife in and near these areas.
"Curing" the problems associated with inefficient electrical power generation begins with pollution prevention. The choices are clear — we must stop wasting energy and start increasing the efficiency of power generation facilities. Instead of building inefficient, wasteful, pollution-generating central power plants owned by utility companies, where the thermal energy is wasted, we need to start building efficient, on-site power plants where the heat energy can be utilized. These on-site cogeneration, trigeneration, and even quadgeneration power and energy systems are also referred to as "distributed generation" or "decentralized energy" technologies. They can be installed easily and affordably, and they operate economically throughout their life cycle.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) understands that resolving these problems must start with pollution prevention, which equates to using fewer energy resources to produce goods and services. The National Energy Plan includes four specific recommendations to promote CHP, three of which were directed to EPA for action:
Promotion of CHP through flexible environmental permitting.
Issuing of guidelines to encourage development of highly efficient and low-emissions CHP.
Promotion of the use of CHP at abandoned brownfield industrial and commercial sites.
As a follow-up to those recommendations, EPA joined with 18 Fortune 500 companies, city and state governments, and nonprofit organizations in February 2002 in Washington, DC, to announce the EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership (CHPP). The CHPP aims to advance CHP as a more efficient, clean, and reliable alternative to conventional electricity generation. This initiative now boasts nearly 50 partners, including state and local regulators, end users, project developers, and equipment suppliers.
Clean
On-Site Power For Commercial And Industrial Customers
Decentralized energy
systems are smaller and more efficient power plants where
the power and thermal energy is actually needed. These on-site power systems
are also called "inside the fence" power systems and are designed
and engineered to maximize the customer's power and energy requirements.
The DOE’s Energy Information Administration (EIA) recently sponsored a study to estimate the potential of cogeneration installations in the U.S. According to their study, there are 1,431,805 buildings in the United States that are suitable for on-site cogeneration power systems (most of these are actually better suited for trigeneration) requiring a capacity of 77,281 MW. At an average of $1 million per MW, this translates into a $77,281,000,000 market opportunity. That's over $77 billion in the U.S. alone. Trigeneration would be an even greater market opportunity as this study focused on applications where thermal energy load was in the form of steam or hot water, and does not take into consideration use of thermal technologies, such as absorption/adsorption chillers or desiccant dehumidification, as part of the potential for the building's thermal load.
When absorption chillers or adsorption chillers are added to a cogeneration system, it is now referred to as a trigeneration system. Therefore, the total market potential in the study could be significantly higher than the 77,281 MW when considering the opportunity for trigeneration applications. The study also estimates the total existing capacity of cogeneration installations in the U.S. to be only about 4,930 MW, and that over 70 percent of the existing facilities are under 1 MW and are powered by small reciprocating engines.
Even quadgeneration is a possibility, taking trigeneration one further step, producing four energies from one process. By extracting most, if not all, of the available heat from the power/energy generation process, end users obtain the most efficient, optimized energy system. But the efficiency gains are wasted if the recovered waste heat is not put to work or the existing boilers or water heaters displaced, reduced, or eliminate entirely. This is why it is absolutely critical that a thorough and complete feasibility study is done to determine a properly sized on-site energy system, and that conventional systems are either eliminated, compensated for, or integrated into the new energy system.
It
should go without saying, but if the facility that installs a trigeneration
system does not replace or reduce other systems, there can be a net loss of
efficiency. If the facility does not offset the net efficiency gains of the
new trigeneration system by reducing, displacing, or eliminating the existing
water heaters/boilers load, then the facility will not have an optimized
installation and therefore will not profit to the extent it could have had the
feasibility and design studies been properly conducted.
Trigeneration
Takes Lead Over Cogeneration Due To Superior Efficiency
and When Cooling/Air-Conditioning is Required
A trigeneration system consists of a
cogeneration plant, and either absorption chillers
or adsorption chillers that produce chilled water by making use of some of the
waste heat recovered from the
cogeneration power plant.
Schematic presentation of a gas turbine-based trigeneration facility.
While cooling can be provided by electric-driven compression chillers, low quality heat (i.e., low temperature, low pressure) that is not used by the cogeneration power plant can be used to drive either the absorption chillers or adsorption chillers so that the overall primary energy consumption is reduced.
Trigeneration power plants with absorption and/or adsorption chillers have gained acceptance due to their capability of not only integrating with cogeneration systems but also because they can operate with industrial waste heat streams that can be fairly substantial. The benefits of power generation with cooling/air-conditioning with either absorption chillers or adsorption chillers can be realized through the following example that compares it with a power generation system with conventional electric-driven compression systems.
Assume in this example a factory needs 1 MW of electricity and 500 refrigeration tons (RT). (Defintion: A refrigeration ton or RT is defined as the transfer of heat at the rate of 3.52 kW, which is roughly the rate of cooling obtained by melting ice at the rate of one ton per day.)
Let us first consider the gas turbine that generates electricity required for the processes as well as the conventional electric-driven compression chiller. With an electricity demand of 0.65 kW/RT, the compression chiller needs 325 kW of electricity to obtain 500 RT of cooling. Therefore, a total of 1,325 kW of electricity must be provided to this factory. If the gas turbine has an efficiency of 30 percent, primary energy consumption would be 4,417 kW.
However, a trigeneration system with either absorption chillers or adsorption chillers can provide the same energy service (power and cooling) by consuming only 3,333 kW of primary energy.
In this example, the trigeneration power plant saves about 24.54 percent of the primary energy needed compared to the cogeneration power plant with electric-driven compression chillers. Since many industries and commercial buildings can use combined power and heating/cooling, trigeneration systems have a high potential for industrial and commercial applications. (The above example is courtesy of ASHRAE.)
Trigeneration, when compared to combined-cycle cogeneration, can be up to 50 percent more efficient, further reducing operating costs, fuel expenses, and environmental pollutants.
Trigeneration systems for commercial buildings are very profitable investments for building owners. A new trigeneration system can pay for itself in as little as two years, depending on local electric rates, natural gas (or other fuel) costs, and the load profile of the building. Trigeneration systems help not only the building owner, but also benefit society in a number of ways, including:
Increased power reliability,
Reduced power requirements on the electric grid; and
Reduced dependence on foreign oil.
The on-site trigeneration system can be economically attractive for many types of buildings, including, but not limited to, the following:
Hospitals
Schools, colleges, and universities
Office
buildings
Shopping
centers
Government
facilities
Manufacturing
plants
Data
centers
Nursing
homes
Hotels
Supermarkets
Refrigerated
warehouses
Retail
stores
Restaurants
Theatres
Ice
arenas
Airports
Golf/country
clubs
Casinos
Resorts
Facilities with trigeneration systems use them to produce their own electricity, and use the unused excess (waste) heat for water heating, space heating, air conditioning, process steam, and other thermal needs.
Improved Power Reliability
Economic losses due to power outages in the U.S. have cost American
businesses billions of dollars. The following table shows the economic
impact of power outages on some industries.
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As we all know, power outages and rolling blackouts are occurring more frequently than ever before. And they are not happening only in California; many other states have experienced similar problems. These problems primarily occur when demand for power exceeds its supply, for example, on hot days when power demand for cooling systems increases significantly. Similar situations occur on very cold days when demand for heating becomes very high. There may also be local areas that are more prone to power outages because the demand for power exceeds the ability of the local distribution line to provide the energy. Other times, weather-related storms knock down power lines and substation transformers.
Cogeneration and trigeneration systems give commercial and industrial end users their own reliable power supply to keep equipment and facilities operating. Plus, they help reduce the load on the power grid and local area lines and, thus, help improve the local community’s power reliability.
Improved
Indoor Environments
Also of increasing interest is the issue of indoor air quality. In order
to prevent the growth of mold, mildew, and bacteria, it is important to
keep humidity in the indoor air to below 60 percent. Cogeneration and
trigeneration
systems for buildings can help improve indoor air quality by
supporting the use of a desiccant dehumidification system to dry the air.
Desiccant systems use a material that directly removes moisture from the
air, then use heat, such as that provided by the exhaust gases of the
cogeneration/trigeneration
equipment, to regenerate the desiccant. This
provides a very energy efficient and cost effective method of
dehumidifying indoor air, rather that using an air conditioner to
"over cool" the air to remove humidity.
Summary: Advantages Of On-Site Cogeneration And Trigeneration
Cogeneration
and trigeneration
are accepted as the most energy-efficient means of
producing electricity and now produce almost 17 percent of the U.S.'
electricity and 15% of electricity globally.
saves
customers up to 50 percent on their energy expenses.
provides
even greater savings to our environment through significantly reduced
emissions associated with power plants.
backed
by environmental organizations such as the Sierra Club and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is promoting the use of more
electricity to be produced through cogeneration power plants. The EPA
recently formed the CHP/Cogeneration Partnership to foster more cogeneration
power plants to meet our nation's electricity demand.
Cogeneration
is a proven technology that has been around for over 100 years. The world's
first power plant designed and built by Thomas Edison in 1882 was a
cogeneration plant. Trigeneration
just takes
cogeneration one step further.
Two-thirds
of the fuel used to make electricity today in the United States is wasted.
While there have been impressive energy efficiency gains in other sectors of
the economy since the oil price shocks of the 1970s, the average efficiency
of power generation in the United States has stagnated at around 33 percent
since 1960. Cogeneration and
trigeneration
offer significant efficiency
improvements.
A
new
cogeneration or trigeneration
power plant may pay for itself in as little as 2-3 years.
It
is important to note that increasing the use of
cogeneration and trigeneration
systems is, and has been, one of the best technologies
available for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants created
by the typical power plant as well as a means for conserving fuel and
reducing our reliance on foreign oil.
The
Kyoto Protocol, while not being ratified here in the United States, is
moving ahead with ratification throughout the rest of the world. Countries
throughout much of Europe and Asia view
cogeneration and trigeneration
as
the best energy technologies to meet the stringent emissions requirements of
the
Kyoto Protocol.
Primary fuels commonly used in cogeneration and trigeneration include natural gas, oil, diesel fuel, propane, coal, wood, wood-waste, and bio-mass. These "primary" fuels are used to make electricity that is a "secondary" energy. This is why electricity, when compared on a Btu to Btu basis, is typically three to four times more expensive than primary fuels such natural gas.
A typical cogeneration power plant consists of an engine, steam turbine, or combustion turbine that drives an electrical generator. A waste heat exchanger recovers waste heat from the engine and/or exhaust gas to produce hot water or steam for a building. In trigeneration power plants, an absorption or adsorption chiller is added to a cogeneration system to also utilize the waste heat to make chilled water for air conditioning.
Cogeneration produces a given amount of electric power and heat with 20 to 30 percent less fuel than it takes to produce the electricity and heat separately. Trigeneration produces chilled water in addition to electric power and heat with approximately 50 percent less fuel than it takes to produce electricity, heat, and chilled water separately.
What is a CHP System?
A CHP System integrates distributed generation (DE) with thermally-activated power and energy technologies for heating and cooling.
CHP Systems are more commonly referred to as "Trigeneration" plants and also referred to as:
Cogeneration plus Absorption Chillers - or - ADsorption Chillers
CHP Systems are also at the center of every District Energy System.
CHP Systems, District Energy Systems, Integrated Energy Systems, or Trigeneration plants, no matter how they are referred, achieve overall, net system energy efficiencies of 80% plus, and several Trigeneration plants are nearing 90% efficiencies nearing almost 300% increased efficiency over power provided by electric utilities and their central power plants"! This means significantly lowered:
energy costs
fuel costs
CHP
Systems achieve these greater energy efficiencies through the conversion
of exhaust or reject heat from power generation into needed energy services
like cooling and heating of buildings as well as campuses. This is called
"Waste Heat Recovery"
or "Recycled Energy."
Development of "packaged" or "modularized" CHP
Systems for end-use applications, such as commercial and institutional
buildings, is something the founder of our company has been involved with
since the mid 1980's.
In the past, Cogeneration plants
have been economically attractive only in sizes above several megawatts. The
emergence of a number of small generation technologies, including fuel cells,
advanced low emissions engines, and gas
turbines with outputs in the 1000 kW - 5000 kW range, should extend the
benefits of Integrated Energy
Systems to a much larger user base, with a consequent increase in national
energy and environmental benefits.
For example, the application of CHP Systems(including Absorption Chillers - or - ADsorption Chillers) in commercial buildings could reduce commercial building energy consumption by 30%.
Application
of such smaller-scale packaged CHP Systems
provides a major breakthrough in energy efficiency technology, energy savings
as well as reduced greenhouse
gas emissions. And, by locating
the power generation at or near the end-user/consumer, i.e. their facility,
building, or campus, the difficulties in siting and building new electric
transmission and electric distribution infrastructures to meet today's
increasing power demand are minimized.
The most promising markets for Trigeneration
plants, CHP Systems, District
Energy Systems or Integrated
Energy Systems are commercial or institutional buildings, government
facilities, and district energy systems that distribute thermal energy to
buildings in a college campus, hospital complex, industrial park, food
processing operations, refrigerated warehouses, and also very attractive for
cities.
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Power Purchase Agreement
www.PowerPurchaseAgreement.com
What
is a
Power Purchase Agreement?
A
Power Purchase Agreement
is a legal agreement wherein our clients agree to buy either the power
(electricity) or the power and energy (hot water, steam and/or chilled water for
air-conditioning) - or both - directly from us, for a term of 10 to 20 years, where we have
installed, own and operate our solar energy systems.
In nearly every case, once we have installed our solar energy systems at our client's facility, we can immediately reduce our (commercial) client's electricity expenses by 10% over what they were paying for their power electricity from their electric utility.
The right Power Purchase Agreement, solar cogeneration or solar trigeneration energy solution, may save your company hundreds of thousands, and possibly millions of dollars over the term of the agreement.
Simultaneously, having the wrong or poorly drafted PPA can cost your company thousands or millions of dollars. You wouldn't consult a brain surgeon to treat your child's broken bone! Selecting the wrong attorneys, law firm or team to promulgate or re-negotiate your Power Purchase Agreement can leave you "powerless" and penniless - and still requiring the skills and expertise of competent and qualified professionals to resolve the situation.
Because a Power Purchase Agreement is at the "heart" and underlying foundation of our projects, we can help your business with the selection and oversight of PPA's.
We can help your city or community create a Municipal Utility District or Public Utility District that may then qualify for our very competitively priced energy and electricity rates. Now is the time for cities, municipal and governmental clients to consider having our company install one of our renewable power and energy systems that will generate "clean" power and energy, lower costs, and avoid the coming electricity shortages and grid congestion problems!
Products and services provided by us include the following power and energy project development services:
Project Engineering Feasibility & Economic Analysis Studies
Engineering, Procurement and Construction
Environmental Engineering & Permitting
Project Funding & Financing Options; including Equity Investment, Debt Financing, Lease and Municipal Lease
Shared/Guaranteed Savings Program with No Capital Investment from Qualified Clients
Project Commissioning
3rd Party Ownership and Project Development
Long-term Service Agreements
Operations & Maintenance
Green Tag (Renewable Energy Credit, Carbon Dioxide Credits, Emission Reduction Credits) Brokerage Services; Application and Permitting
Decentralized Energy is the opposite of "centralized energy." Decentralized Energy energy generates the power and energy that a residential, commercial or industrial customer needs, onsite. Examples of decentralized energy production are solar energy systems and solar trigeneration energy systems.
Today's electric utility industry was "born" in the 1930's, when fossil fuel prices were cheap, and the cost of wheeling the electricity via transmission power lines, was also cheap. "Central" power plants could be located hundreds of miles from the load centers, or cities, where the electricity was needed. These extreme inefficiencies and cheap fossil fuel prices have added a considerable economic and environmental burden to the consumers and the planet.
Centralized energy is found in the form of electric utility companies that generate power from "central" power plants. Central power plants are highly inefficient, averaging only 33% net system efficiency. This means that the power coming to your home or business - including the line losses and transmission inefficiencies of moving the power - has lost 75% to as much as 80% energy it started with at the "central" power plant. These losses and inefficiencies translate into significantly increased energy expenses by the residential and commercial consumers.
Decentralized Energy
is the Best Way to Generate Clean and Green Energy!
How we make and distribute electricity is changing!
The electric power generation, transmission and distribution system (the electric "grid") is changing and evolving from the electric grid of the 19th and 20th centuries, which was inefficient, highly-polluting, very expensive and “dumb.”
The "old" way of generating and distributing
energy resembles this slide:
The electric grid of the 21st century (see slide below)
will be
Decentralized, Smart, Efficient and provide "carbon
free energy" and “pollution
free power” to customers who remain on the
electric grid. The electric grid of the future will be comprised of
both Onsite Power
Generation plants and "utility
scale power plants" that are fueled/powered with Biomass
Gasification, Biomethane, Concentrating
Solar Power, B100 Biodiesel, Distributed
PV, EcoGeneration Systems, Geothermal
Power Plants, Synthesis
Gas, Rooftop PV, Solar
Cogeneration, Solar Energy
Systems, Solar Power Parks, Solar
Trigeneration and Wind Power
Generation - located at Residential, Commercial, Industrial
and City/Municipal Locations.
Some customers will choose to dis-connect from the grid entirely. (Electric grid represented by the small light blue circles in the slide below.)
The transmission grid will be upgraded to a "Transmission Superhighway" with green electrons now being wheeled via "High Voltage Direct Current."
Typical "central" power plants and the electric utility companies that own them will either be shut-down, closed or go out of business due to one or more of the following: failed business model, inordinate expenses related to central power plants that are inefficient, excessive pollution/emissions, high costs, continued reliance on the use of fossil fuels to generate energy, and the failure to provide efficient, carbon free energy and pollution free power.
Carbon free energy and pollution free power reduces our dependence on foreign oil and makes us Energy Independent while reducing and eliminating Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
* Some of the above information from the Department of Energy website with permission.
We can package any combination of standard size plants to come up with your
optimum size system. Our standard and customized CHP
Systems, Cogeneration
and Trigeneration
plants use the leading brands of reciprocating engines or turbines and include
our proprietary Waste
Heat Recovery technologies that help us achieve system efficiencies
greater than 90% and effective heat rates as low as 4050 btu's/kW. We provide
both standard and customized Trigeneration
plants that meet our customer's most stringent economic and environmental
requirements.
Our Power Plants can run on renewable fuels for even greater environmental and economic savings! These fuels or energy sources include: Biomethane, B100 Biodiesel, Synthesis Gas and natural gas.
Net system efficiencies of our Trigeneration power plants are now exceeding 90% with up to 95% lower emissions when using Biomethane, B100 Biodiesel, Synthesis Gas and natural gas as the fuel for Trigeneration power plants.
For pricing and delivery information on our Cogeneration, Trigeneration, Biomethane or B100 Biodiesel power plants, call/email us or send an email with your project's requirements to: info@CHPsystem.com.
New "Integrated" CHP
Systems, Cogeneration
and Trigeneration
Plants Have
Very High Efficiencies & Low Fuel Costs
The Effective Heat Rate for the Cogeneration
below is Approximately
4050 btu/kW & System Efficiency is 92%
The Integrated Cogeneration
Plant below is rated at 900 kW and features a control room,
(2) Natural Gas
Engines @ 450 kW each, packaged together on one skid.



Our
onsite CHP
Systems, Cogeneration
and Trigeneration
Plants power and energy system can be
an ideal solution for customers wanting increased power reliability and
decreased energy and environmental costs. A few of the types of buildings and
businesses that would benefit from an onsite
power generation system custom designed/engineered by us, include the
following:
Airports
Casinos
Central Plants
Colleges & Universities
Dairies
Data Centers & Server Farms
District Heating & Cooling plants
Food Processing Plants
Golf/Country Clubs
Government
Buildings and Facilities
Grocery Stores
Hospitals
Hotels
Manufacturing Plants
Military
Bases
Nursing Homes
Office
Buildings / Campuses
Radio Stations
Refrigerated
Warehouses
Resorts
Restaurants
Schools
Server Farms
Shopping centers
Supermarkets
Television Stations
Theatres
________________________________________________________
America's "Clear and Present Danger"
America
Has INCREASED its' Dependence on Foreign
Sources of Energy by 50% Since 1973.
America
is even more "addicted" to foreign oil today, than we were in 1973 -
1974 when OPEC, Saudi Arabia and other suppliers from the Middle-East
stopped selling us their fossil fuels, and created a significant blow to our
economy.
According
to the CIA Fact Book, Every Day, the U.S.
PRODUCES: 7,460,000 bbls of oil
CONSUMES:
20,800,000 bbls of oil
This
Means that 65% of America's Energy Supplies are Now Imported from Suppliers
from Foreign Countries.
Simply put, about 65% of the gasoline in your car's gas tank, comes from a foreign country.
EVERY day, the U.S. must IMPORT over 13 million bbls of oil from foreign countries and foreign suppliers to meet demand.
At
$80/barrel of oil, this also means that $1,040,000,000.00 American Dollars leave
our country, EVERY DAY, to foreign countries/suppliers of our fossil fuels, to
pay for the energy we need.
That's
$1 Billion EVERY day leaving our economy, and going to support a foreign
country's economy.
Talk
about our foreign trade deficit..... nearly $400 Billion each year, leaves our
country to pay for our oil addiction and the energy we need. To be exact,
that's $379,600,000,000.00 American Dollars.
This is NOT acceptable.
America needs to quickly transition to Energy Independence.
Renewable Energy is the Only Way America Can Achieve Energy Independence.
Millions of new and sustainable American jobs would be created here at home, if we would end our addiction to foreign fossil fuels, and quickly transition to an economy based on renewable energy and renewable fuels, produced here in the U.S.A.
The good news is that today, America already has all of the Renewable Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Technologies needed to make American Energy Independence a reality.
According to Monty Goodell, Founder and Chairman of the Renewable Energy Institute, "our increased dependence and reliance on foreign energy supplies represents a Clear and Present Danger to our national security, our economy, and the lives and livelihood of every American. Energy - including the energy we use from imported fossil fuels, is the very "lifeblood" of the American economy as it is for every industrialized country. An economy dies without it's lifeblood of energy. This Clear and Present Danger we face is far more serious than the problems related to greenhouse gas emissions. And while greenhouse gas emissions are very serious issue, in the long-term, pales in comparison to America's vital national security interests and America's economic stability in the short term. For this reason alone, America needs to transition away from its addiction to foreign energy supplies. And America's abundant renewable energy resources such as the energy we receive from the sun, and renewable energy technologies such as concentrated solar power (CSP) plants - can supply 100% of America's power requirements with a concentrating solar power plant measuring 75 miles by 75 miles, located in the Southwest U.S. By generating America's power from concentrating solar power plants, America resolves its' short-term Clear and Present Danger as it relates to importing its energy from foreign countries, and the long-term problems relating to greenhouse gas emissions."
Continuing, Mr. Goodell states that "too many Americans have forgotten what happened to us in 1973, when the Arabs and OPEC brought the United States economy to a screeching halt during the OPEC Oil Embargo. This happened because they (mainly the country of Saudi Arabia) disagreed with our foreign policy and is the reason why they "turned off the tap" of our need for their oil supplies. When Saudi Arabia and OPEC stopped the vital flow of oil to our country in 1973, they caused an "oil shock" that severely and negatively impacted our economy.
Mr. Goodell's question for us to ponder is, "do these countries who sell us 60% of our daily energy requirements, like us and our foreign policy, or might they leverage our addiction to their fossil fuels, and turn off the tap to make us adjust or revise our foreign policy?? Like any addict, America's foreign policy may be held hostage to its addiction, and in this case, our addiction to foreign oil, may over-ride our national interests."
Have
American's forgotten the gas shortages and long lines at
their gas stations to get
gas during the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973?
"Apparently so." Mr. Goodell states that "in 1973, America was 'addicted' and 'over the barrel' of foreign oil to the amount of 40%. Forty percent of our energy 'needs' in 1973 came from countries - many of which didn't like us then, and I'm afraid, many of them still don't. The difference between 1973 and today - is that today we receive 50% MORE foreign oil now than we did in 1973. And now we know about the problems relating to greenhouse gas emissions that we didn't know then. America needs to change course, and change course now, in terms of its' energy supplies and how we keep America's economy strong, without the threat of being held hostage to a middle-east tyrant or regime, that could once again, turn on us, and turn off our supply of foreign oil."
Remember ????

"Sadly," Monty Goodell continues, "most Americans have forgotten the long lines of people waiting in their cars
- lined up and waiting
for gasoline at their nearby gas station, with lines that were many blocks
long. And, after waiting 4-5 hours, many even waiting overnight in many places, to
finally take their turn to fill up their car with gasoline, only to find that
the gas station
had run out of gas."
"Let me Repeat.... That was 1973 when we imported 40% of our daily energy requirements in the form of crude oil from overseas, and from foreign countries - and many of these from countries that don't like us.
Today, over 35 years later, America has yet to learn the lesson. We cannot continue our reliance on energy from foreign countries that supply us with 60% of the crude oil that our refineries use as a feedstock for producing gasoline and diesel fuel for our cars and trucks comes from overseas.
America is "over the barrel" and it's not our barrel, but the barrels of oil that we are addicted by and owned by other countries. Why have we not learned the lessons we needed to learn in 1973 when we were cut-off from the vital energy supplies we need?
Countries like China, are growing rapidly, and have an insatiable need for crude oil. China, with their booming economy, is increasingly growing in its clout and control over international supplies of crude oil - whether they do this through their ability to buy as much oil as they need on a daily basis, or whether they simply but American drilling rigs, technology, and explore and produce oil and gas from their own fields. China, is buying large amounts of oil for their country, and causing upward pricing on declining supplies. What happens if Russia, with all of their oil and natural gas, along with China and Venezuela, with or without the help of OPEC, decided to NOT sell oil to us????
To be sure, greenhouse gas emissions are a problem, and to some, greenhouse gas emissions are also a Clear and Present Danger, but not to the extent that it presents an imminent Clear and Present Danger.
America's reliance for 60% of our energy "needs" coming from foreign suppliers is un-acceptable.
The "driver" to get America to begin reducing and eliminating fossil fuel use should be our nation's national security and the welfare and safety of its citizens. And this can all begin with developing and investing in our own renewable energy resources and renewable energy technologies, let's start by putting solar on every rooftop that has a clear and unobstructed view of the Southern sky. See www.RooftopPV.com or www.DistributedPV.com for more information. Let's create incentives begin with adopting a national "Feed In Tariff" as Germany did in 1990.
We simply do NOT have the luxury of time on our hands. We need to end our
dependence and reliance on foreign fossil fuels, especially from countries that
don't like us! We need to rapidly begin expanding renewable energy
resources and renewable
energy technologies from our vast and abundant renewable energy resources,
such as; solar, solar energy
systems, solar cogeneration,
solar trigeneration,
"solar on every roof," along with; Biomass
Gasification, B100 Biodiesel, Biomethane,
E100
Ethanol (from cellulosic, agricultural waste, sugar cane, etc., and NOT from
corn), Geothermal Power Plants,
Natural Wastewater Treatment,
Synthesis Gas, Waste
To Energy, Waste To Fuel and Wind
Power Generation where it makes economic and environmental sense."
For more information, call/email the
Renewable Energy Institute
![]()
info@EngineSalesAndService.com
_____________________________________________________
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www.ExternalCombustionEngine.com
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Combustion Engines
www.ExternalCombustionEngines.com
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www.FrontEndEngineeringDesign.com
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www.FuelSwitching.com
Gas Engines
www.GasEngines.org
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www.GasGeneratorSets.com
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www.GasGenset.com
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www.GasGensets.com
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www.InternalCombustionEngine.net
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www.NaturalGasEngine.net
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www.NaturalGasEngines.net
Nitrogen Oxides
www.NitrogenOxides.com
Onsite Power Generation
www.OnsitePowerGeneration.com
Selective Catalytic Reduction
www.SelectiveCatalyticReduction.com
Synchronous Generator
www.SynchronousGenerator.com
Synchronous Generators
www.SynchronousGenerators.com
Synthesis Gas
www.SynthesisGas.com
Trigeneration
www.Trigeneration.com
Variable Speed Generators
www.VariableSpeedGenerators.com
Waste Heat Engine
www.WasteHeatEngine.com
Waste Heat Engines
www.WasteHeatEngines.com
Waste Heat Recovery
www.WasteHeatRecovery.com
_____________________________________________________
Are you doing your part to prevent Climate Change and End America's Reliance on Foreign Energy?
Our following EcoGeneration technologies, including; Biomethane, B100 Biodiesel and Synthesis Gas Fuels Generated from our "Waste to Fuel" technologies, are Carbon Free Energy and Pollution Free Power solutions that will:
* forever change the way energy is generated and used.
* eliminate or greatly reduce our customer's electric demand charges and electric expenses.
* slow, stop and eventually reverse climate change by reducing and then
eliminating anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions - of which carbon
dioxide emissions makes up 80% of all greenhouse
gas emissions.
* reduce and eventually eliminate the use of coal and other fossil fuels.
*
reduce the need for inefficient and expensive central power plants owned by
utility companies.
* promote energy independence.
* end America's dependence on oil from OPEC and other countries in the Middle-East, Venezuela and end our need for importing natural gas from Russia.
____________________________________________________
CHP
System
www.CHPsystem.com
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